Morreu nesta quarta-feira (17) o historiador italiano Carlo Ginzburg, aos 87 anos. A morte foi anunciada por sua filha.
Ginzburg construiu uma das trajetórias mais influentes da historiografia contemporânea, com estudos que passaram pelos julgamentos de bruxaria e pelas crenças em magia na Itália renascentista até questões da história intelectual europeia. Foi professor da Universidade de Bolonha, da Scuola Normale Superiore de Pisa e da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Nascido em 15 de abril de 1939, em Turim, Ginzburg era filho da escritora e tradutora Natalia Ginzburg e de Leone Ginzburg, professor de literatura russa e militante antifascista assassinado pelos alemães durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Doutor em Filosofia pela Scuola Normale de Pisa, tornou-se mundialmente conhecido a partir de 1976, com a publicação de O Queijo e os Vermes, obra clássica da micro-história que reconstruiu a visão de mundo de Menocchio, um moleiro do século XVI da região de Friuli, no nordeste da Itália.
Conceitos
A obra de Ginzburg foi tema de uma edição do programa Dicas Históricas, de 3 de maio de 2023, com a participação dos autores Deivy Ferreira Carneiro e Daniel Rezende Berbert Dias, que discutiram o livro A forma e o tempo: decifrando Carlo Ginzburg, publicado pela Editora Alameda. A conversa abordou o método do historiador italiano, suas influências intelectuais e a relação entre escrita literária e produção do conhecimento histórico.
Professor do Instituto de História da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Deivy Carneiro explicou que o livro nasceu da tentativa de compreender os procedimentos literários e artísticos presentes na escrita histórica de Ginzburg. Segundo ele, o historiador italiano incorporou recursos da literatura e da história da arte para construir uma narrativa baseada em detalhes, indícios e pequenos fragmentos capazes de revelar processos históricos mais amplos.
Um dos conceitos centrais debatidos pelos autores é o de “estranhamento”, técnica literária associada aos formalistas russos e retomada por Ginzburg como procedimento de pesquisa histórica. Para Daniel Berbert Dias, leitor da obra de Ginzburg e especialista em Erich Auerbach, o estranhamento permite observar a realidade a partir de uma perspectiva renovada, afastando interpretações já consolidadas e buscando novas formas de compreender os objetos históricos.
A conversa também destacou a influência de autores como Auerbach e Aby Warburg sobre Ginzburg. Os pesquisadores analisaram como conceitos desenvolvidos por Warburg, especialmente a ideia de sobrevivência das formas, ajudaram a compreender a maneira como o historiador italiano investigava permanências culturais ao longo do tempo.
Micro-história
Outro tema discutido foi a micro-história italiana, campo no qual Ginzburg se tornou uma das principais referências. Deivy Carneiro afirmou que a micro-história não deve ser entendida como uma escola historiográfica fechada, mas como um conjunto de práticas que compartilham procedimentos, como a redução da escala de observação, a atenção aos detalhes e o uso dos indícios para interpretar fenômenos históricos mais amplos.
Publicado originalmente em 2022, A forma e o tempo: decifrando Carlo Ginzburg foi escrito ao longo de dois anos de pesquisa e contou com diálogo dos autores com o próprio historiador italiano. Segundo Carneiro, Ginzburg acompanhou o desenvolvimento do trabalho, enviou textos e comentários e contribuiu para o aprofundamento da investigação, embora os autores tenham mantido uma análise independente sobre sua trajetória intelectual.
Durante a entrevista, os pesquisadores destacaram ainda que o objetivo do livro não era esgotar a obra de Ginzburg, mas revelar conexões entre diferentes momentos de sua produção. A análise procura mostrar como estudos aparentemente específicos — de julgamentos inquisitoriais a obras de arte, viajantes e encontros culturais — revelam questões mais amplas sobre a relação dos europeus com a alteridade e sobre as formas de construção do conhecimento histórico.
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Muito bom o texto.
Não conhecia o historiador.
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